Since the initial description of Down syndrome as a disorder, there have been numerous confusions about the condition and the capabilities of those diagnosed with it. Here we address some of these myths and set the record straight.
1. Down Syndrome Is a Rare Condition
Down syndrome is one of the most commonly diagnosed chromosomal disorders. Each year 1 in 700 babies is born with Down syndrome, roughly 6,000 in total. According to the National Down Syndrome Society, about 400,000 individuals in the United States live with Down syndrome.
2. Down Syndrome Is Hereditary
According to the NICDH, “Down syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.”
Ninety-five percent of Down syndrome diagnoses are a result of nondisjunction.
Another type of Down syndrome, translocation Down syndrome, occurs when one parent has a translocation involving the 21st chromosome. This means that part of the 21st chromosome is stuck to another chromosome. However, there is no extra genetic material or physical signs of a chromosomal abnormality, and the parent is healthy. If the chromosome with the translocated 21 material is passed onto the child, who will also inherit 2 copies of the 21st chromosome (1 from each parent), this results in a partial extra 21st chromosome, and therefore, translocation Down syndrome.
Translocation Down syndrome is the only way that an individual can inherit Down syndrome. This accounts for about 4% percent of Down syndrome diagnoses.
3. Only Older Parents Have Children with Down Syndrome
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, roughly 80% of children born with Down syndrome are born to mothers under the age of 35. This statistic may be weighted due to the fact that there are a much larger number of births from mothers under the age of 35.
Although this data shows a different perspective on the incidence of Down syndrome, research has shown that the risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome significantly increases with age – more specifically age 35 or older.
Reproductive health practices, such as conducting preconception genetic testing provides information to mothers-to-be about their pregnancy in order to properly prepare for the care of their newborn child.
4. Individuals with Down Syndrome Have a Short Life Expectancy
Life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome has increased greatly over the last several decades. In 1910, the life expectancy of a child born with Down syndrome was about 9 years old. Now, with advancements in health care, nearly 80% of individuals with Down syndrome live to the age of 60. And more individuals with Down syndrome will live past the age of 60.
5. Individuals with Down syndrome Are Not Capable of Learning or Obtaining Work
Today, individuals with Down syndrome have more access to education and healthcare than they did 30 years ago. Individuals with Down syndrome do suffer mild to moderate learning delays. However, the majority of children with Down syndrome are able to learn how to read and write and attend mainstream classes in public schools. These individuals also hold jobs in a variety of settings, such as nursing homes, banks, and restaurants and build meaningful relationships. Providing education in a supportive environment built from family, friends and the community is fundamental to helping individuals with Down syndrome lead productive and fulfilling lives.
Continuing To Bust Myths
Researchers and scientists continue to learn more about the causes of Down syndrome as well as the range of severity of symptoms for those diagnosed. As we understand more about this condition, we can offer improved educational and social opportunities for individuals with Down syndrome.
